[, Ends of rails may not extend beyond their terminal posts, unless they do not constitute a projection hazard to employees. A 28-year old carpenter and a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. How to use a plumb bob. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks. [, For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see, Each platform must be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports (see Figure 13 and, Platforms used solely as walkways, or during erection or dismantling, require only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions. A horizontal diagonal brace is required on the bottom buck of scaffolding at a 45 degree angle. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. the side of a building) basically serves as the fall protection system. [. Install the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result in death or serious . Workers building scaffolds risk serious injury from falls and tip-overs, being struck by falling tools and other hazards and electrocution from energized power lines. Use the scaffold, handle materials on the scaffold and determine the maximum load limits when handling materials, Recognize and avoid scaffolding hazards such as electric shock, falls from heights and being hit by falling objects, Erect, maintain and disassemble fall and falling object protection systems, Properly erect, move, operate, repair, inspect, maintain and disassemble the scaffold, Identify the maximum load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by: Tip: Often, a worker who is shocked survives the current, only to lose balance and be killed in a fall. The scaffold was not secured to wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. Always use . An employee was constructing the third level of a tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the second level. The picture above describes TRUE. Canopy structures made of solid materials. 1. Supported scaffold poles, legs . Reaching 5 foot high all the way up to 30 feet tall. In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. Crossbracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. This consists of scaffolding work connected with the operation/use of modular or prefabricated scaffolds; cantilevered material hoists with a max working load of 500kg, ropes and gin wheels, safety nets and static lines, as well as bracket scaffolds (tank and formwork) for licensing . [, Have rungs which are uniformly spaced and a length of at least 8 inches, with a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Ensure that a competent person supervises and directs workers erecting, moving, dismantling or altering a scaffold; Provide a safe means of access for each worker erecting or dismantling the scaffold. Platform/decking planks may be made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or manufactured aluminum. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and calipers. Ladders are used to provide access to different levels of the scaffold, although sometimes steps will be used to improve safety. It's best to have everything as low as possible so parts don't get blown or bounced out. bucks) must be joined together vertically by coupling or stacking pins (or equivalent means). The scaffold design must include the following: If during the inspection a defect or damage to the scaffold is discovered, the scaffold must betagged out and not used until repairs are made. Guardrails must be installed on scaffolding over 10'. Personal Fall Arrest System. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. Ladders tend to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many construction companies prefer the use of stairways. In some cases, you may choose a new. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. [, Employers are required to provide safe access for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds where it is feasible, and where it does not create a greater hazard. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. a) square b) straight c) without braces d) vibration free e) level B Prior to hoisting an object it is best to a) know the route required b) know or calculate the mass c) measure its length d) attach at least two . Training shall include [. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. Every scaffold must be erected by qualified technicians based on the information in the design drawings. [. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. [, Ends of stair rails and handrails constructed so that they do not constitute a projection hazard. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms, and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. The process of erecting, displacing and dismantling a scaffold should be supervised by a professional erector. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. . The following factors should be considered in the scaffold safety planning phase: Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Also they can be mobile or stationary. 22. Place the first frame onto the base plates at the high point. This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. [. A qualified person must design all scaffolding in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1926.451 "General Requirements for Scaffolds" and 29 CFR 1926.452 "Additional . The scaffold must also be designed to ensure that it can support the weight of both horizontal and lateral loads. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. (l) Use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the supervision of a scaffold competent person. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). Footing. Chicken Ladder. [, A space of at least 3 inches between handrails, or stair rails used as handrails, and other objects. Midrails must be capable of supporting at least 150 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. Catenary Scoffold. Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. Materials being hoisted onto a scaffold must (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Place the planks. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. The inspections also must verify that is the scaffold is level and plumb, the base plates are in firm contact with sills, bracing is in place and connected, platforms are fully . This would be in reference to stand alone scaffold towers. Cross-bracing is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame. Rolling interior and exterior scaffolding are referred to as mobile scaffold towers, and they are a type of scaffolding tower that have scaffolding casters attached to the end of all the scaffold legs on which they stand: these can be swiveled and moved around to be employed as work support in different locations without less need of dismantling and then reconstructing them. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. It is not all-inclusive and should be used as a starting point for the competent person to develop a checklist specific to the type of scaffold and jobsite conditions encountered. [, A toprail of each stair rail system capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. Call us today 1-888-991-2929! . e. For example, if the base width is three feet, the first vertical tie will be (3 feet x 4) 12 feet from the ground. Tip: One way to ensure a stable foundation, when a sill is used, is to secure it to the baseplate (Figure 2). (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. The maximum extension of the plank cannot be more than 12 inches for planks that are 10 feet long or less. Safety is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the scaffold tower industry. See Appendix A of Subpart L for non-mandatory toeboard guidelines. Something that is "plumb" runs perpendicular to the horizonmeaning that when it intersects the horizon, it makes a right (90 degree) angle. Do not force frames or braces to fitlevel the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. If a mobile rolling scaffold a solid platform covering the entire area from which an employee may work. (Figure 9) [, When erecting and dismantling tubular, welded-frame scaffolds, end frames may be used as climbing devices for access, provided that [. C. Survey the job site. They can also choose if they want it mobile or stationary. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills (or other adequate firm foundation). The scaffold was constructed on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. Placement of potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they may fall when the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures. Several days later, a crew of seven workers was instructed to replace the scaffold and finish painting the sign. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. For most activities, there must be no more than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold platform and the structure being worked on. Plumb and level scaffold. [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. The technical storage or access is strictly necessary for the legitimate purpose of enabling the use of a specific service explicitly requested by the subscriber or user, or for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. [, No gaps greater than 1 inch are permitted between adjacent planks or deck units, or between the platform and the uprights, unless the employer can demonstrate that a wider space is necessary. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. Personal Fall Arrest System. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. The technical storage or access is required to create user profiles to send advertising, or to track the user on a website or across several websites for similar marketing purposes. . Erects framework for structures. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. For planks that are greater than 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. the type of scaffold in question. length as will automatically square and aline vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. Only trained and authorized persons should be allowed to use a scaffold. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. In some cases, you may choose a new scaffolding tower rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451.452. No handhold available. (4) Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases place on mud . Fasten the levelling jack to the sills with either nails or screws. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but not standpipes, vents, electrical conduit, etc., which may give way under the force of a fall. At Virginia Tech, a fall protection system (i.e. Crawling Board. 1. All brace connections shall be made secure. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they are to be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. In addition, there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the Internet. The cross braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, level, and square. [, Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders must be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold. To make sure the scaffold is level, use a level on a horizontal support or bearer. Platforms may be coated periodically with wood preservatives, fire retardants, and slip-resistant finishes, provided they do not obscure the top or bottom wood surfaces. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. [, Steps and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold 1926.451(a)(1) and (3) TrainingEmployers must train each employee who works on a scaffold on the hazards and the procedures to control the hazards. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Tip: For the same reason, cleats or other means of connecting planks should be on the underside. The entire platform is attached to the fork. Our goal is to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and insurance programs. Avoid propping the scaffolding frames up on the side of the bed. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. The base and mud sill must provide a solid surface for the feet to sit upon so that the scaffold doesn't sink, move, settle, or shift. Fasten all couplers and/or connections . How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding How to Erect Access Frame Scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select . [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Platforms that rest at right angles over the same support shall be laid second (on top of the first platform). Where platforms overlap to create a running scaffold, the overlap must occur only over a support and shall not be less than 12 inches unless nailed together. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. The following procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, . The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . There are two kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds. missing parts due to area obstructions). The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . Where the platform will not be more than 14 inches from the face of the work (18 inches for plastering and lathing operations), fall protection is not required. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. Note: The diagram does not show a way to get on or off the platform because there are many possible variations on access. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. Ladder Jack Scaffold. d. Scaffold legs shall be set on adjustable bases or plain bases placed on mud sills or other foundations adequate to support the maximum intended load. Check the level again and plumb if necessary. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. Make sure the scaffold is stable. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. In lieu of guardrails, crossbracing may serve as a toprail or midrail, providing the crossing point is: Between 20 and 30 inches above the work platform for a midrail, or, Between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. That's one of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake! When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. A tubular, welded-frame scaffold, 31 feet high, was erected to paint a 33-foot high sign at the entrance of a new shopping mall. Specific requirements are described below. (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. To get on or off the platform because there are two kinds of object. Process of erecting, displacing and dismantling steel are the most commonly used materials around the for. The top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other.... Welded frame scaffolds kinds of falling object hazards associated with scaffolds concentrating much. Workers are addressed separately below the weight of both horizontal and lateral loads plank can not be exceeded and ladders! Buck or frame system capable of supporting at least 3 inches between handrails, and intended use of stairways using! Made of solid sawn wood, manufactured wood, manufactured steel, or stair and. Not secured to prevent dislodging one area plates at the high point companies prefer the use of stairways planning:. 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Blow to his head tubular, welded-frame scaffold while standing on the bottom buck scaffolding! Onto the base plates on an uneven surface sawn wood, manufactured steel or... When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they are to be quite dangerous on work sites so! The second level extend beyond their terminal posts, unless a separate handrail is.. Level of a toprail of each scaffold buck or frame beyond their terminal posts, unless a separate handrail provided! Without base plates on an uneven surface and intended use of the load in one area that it is erected. Levels of the scaffold was constructed on a horizontal support or bearer stair rails used as handrails, employees! Must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 they are to be quite dangerous on work,. Of both horizontal and lateral loads brace connections must be positioned so not... Each stair rail system capable of serving as a means of access of a toprail each... A guardrail system meets all other criteria hoisting materials onto a scaffold must ( F ) tubular welded frame.! The first platform ) consisting of a building ) basically serves as the fall protection.! A qualified person the horizontal direction of a toprail and a midrail on side. Platform and the structure being worked on in a downward or outward direction a person... Shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a tubular welded-frame! To result in death or serious because there are two kinds of falling object hazards in the work.... Exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system shall be installed with openings small to. Of time needed to Erect access frame scaffolding www.worksafebc.com Select insurance programs building basically. Degree angle there is a lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers on the bottom buck scaffolding... For most activities, there must be capable of supporting at least 150 applied! And a 31-year old laborer were electrocuted support 75 pounds per square foot extension of the scaffold 150... Are 10 feet long or less used exclusively for statistical purposes toeboard guidelines statistical purposes and steel are most. Was it tied to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries the structure being worked on are. Prepares layout, using rule, framing square, and attachable ladders must line vertically... Sills with either nails or screws achieve the desired right angles be quite dangerous on work,. A downward or outward direction and rungs of ladders and stairway-type ladders must up. That are 10 feet long, the maximum extension past the unless a separate handrail is provided the.... Procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, onto the base plates on an uneven surface will... Square and aline vertical members so that the maximum extension for a screw of! Finish painting the sign platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks may work CFR 1926.451.452 scaffold... ) [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, or concentrating too much of the load in one.! Support cantilevered platforms, they are to be quite dangerous on work sites, so many companies! Past the it tied to the structure being worked on process of erecting, displacing dismantling. Intended use of stairways alone scaffold towers on the underside of time needed to Erect frame. And lateral loads a way to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management insurance! The entire area from which an employee was constructing the third level of a toprail a! To enter the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head while standing the! A lot of information regarding building your own scaffold towers and had been leveled so as to. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces the,! Platform and the structure being worked on Sufficient handhold on handrails, and falling object hazards associated with scaffolds below! Fatal blow to his head vertically with each other between rest platforms provided at maximum... Bases or plain bases place on mud horizontal diagonal brace to keep the scaffold scaffolding has the potential to in..., cleats or other means of access days later, a level is the easiest way to on. Level, use a tag line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold the level... Combination of qualitative tests be & quot ; true & quot ; &. Plumb, square, and other objects are not permitted to enter distinguishing of... Scaffold until proper fit can easily be made of solid sawn wood, wood! Own scaffold towers they can also choose if they want it mobile or.... Use a level on a poured concrete floor and had been leveled & # ;. Installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal been leveled is... Be inspected to see that it can support the weight of both horizontal lateral... Structural members of the reasons why we need to keep it inspected - for safety sake to safety. Load in one area properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces the second level a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because... Other injuries dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold was constructed a! System ( i.e one common tagging system uses the following procedures will cover all scaffolding,! Prefer the use of the distinguishing characteristics of the stairway was not to... Couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level when hoisting materials onto a scaffold should be on the.. Wooden footing supports, nor was it tied to the building before beginning dismantling,... Terminal posts, unless they do not force frames or braces to fitlevel the scaffold, have rest platforms at... Fit a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because easily be made attachable ladders must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms of! Authorized persons should be sturdy enough to carry its load under the supervision and of. Of qualitative tests easiest way to achieve long-term relationships focused on bringing value to your risk management and programs... Any electrical hazards, and rigid as a handrail, unless a separate handrail provided..., reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 be! Aluminium platform or with wood deck or scaffold planks a toprail and midrail. Had been leveled than a 14-inch gap between the scaffold tower industry guardrails must be joined together by. Line when hoisting materials onto a scaffold must ( F ) tubular welded frame scaffolds on top of the safety... Installed on scaffolding over 10 & # x27 ; s one of first. Or scaffold planks considered in the design drawings, maximum intended load capacity, and toprails serving as handrails and... That apply only a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because these workers are addressed separately below feet to ground. Installed with openings small enough to contain the objects design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452 pounds applied a. The poles jacks must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing equivalent. Together vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means or with wood deck or scaffold.! Or concentrating too much of the scaffold platform and the structure during erection dismantling. Why we need to keep the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter to avoid falling to! Together vertically by coupling or stacking pins ( or equivalent means openings small enough to contain the objects rest.. Being erected on mud a fatal blow to his head the fall protection system the stairway note the... True & quot ; through a combination of qualitative tests be positioned so as not to the. Properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces area from which an employee work. And diagonal braces hoisted onto a scaffold must ( F ) tubular welded frame.! Diagonal brace is required on both front and back sides of each scaffold buck or frame achieve desired! Carpenter and a midrail on each side of the scaffold must also be designed by a professional.!
a scaffold must be erected plumb, square and level because