What does it look like? Where sound illuminates ideas, and the boundaries blur between science, philosophy, and human experience. But then, a few years would pass, crops would bounce back. Where we sought, they will find. This great. Maybe you can explain this to me, Robert. Life is hard.". And in 1989, when the story we're telling now started, she was living in California, in Orange County. Something happens on the molecular level. The event that really sets this story in motion, the set of events, happened a few months after Barbara had brought Destiny home. The reason they're more aroused is that the mom's licking activates the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the pup. I had everybody's abuse on my back and I didn't care how we said it, or how we did it. If you start smoking when you're 10, 11 something like that, you end up having children with more problems. Not been born at all. The team that creates each episode, including hosts Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, are master storytellers. We'll just get one more.". Destiny says one day, she and her mom were in the car, and her mom said She said, "I don't know, you know, maybe they'll grow bigger? Do you have any theories for how this tongue is tickling the DNA, or whatever it's doing? So then the one that's in trouble, so thats one of, So I guess you could say to yourself, "Seven out of eight of these kids did all right?". Honestly, I think it never seemed like she was anything but my real mom, if that makes sense. Well, the DNA, the RNA, micro-RNAs, histone. Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. I wonder how much you believe in it. I mean, they didn't have porridge. She's 20 months old. She filled out the forms went BARBARA HARRIS: Through all the training that we had to do and first aid, fingerprinted and had a background check done. And rewrite the so-called rules of genetics. I could have turned out like some of the other kids. BARBARA HARRIS: Light bothered him, noise bothered him. Thyroid hormones then get into the brain and they turn on certain neural chemical signals. In this episode, originally aired in 2012, we put nature and nurture on a collision course and discover how outside forces can find a way inside us, and change not just our hearts and minds, but the basic biological blueprint that we pass on to future generations._Support Radiolab by becoming a member of The Lab today. They told me a bunch of these stories, one of them involving, well DESTINY HARRIS: I don't have the biggest boobies in the world. ROBERT: So what is the licking doing then? JAD: And looking at these swings in fortune, Olov realized what he had here was JAD: Because with all this data, he and his team could follow families forward in time, through the generations. JAD: I want to start with a parental day dream for a second. BARBARA HARRIS: I decided to have a press conference in my front yard to announce what I was doing. She's 22 now and she's never even met her birth mom. But along with the support came attacks, particularly as drug-addicted women began to sign up. It says, "Race of Supermen." But were getting ahead of ourselves here. PAT: And she told Barbara, "There's something you need to know about this baby.". [foreign language]. Thank you so much for your interest in Radiolab. It might be a mixture. Because he couldn't hold formula down. See, this is the story of science that doesn't get told. Truth is, we dont know precisely how this happens but somehow the experience of starvation marks the DNA. I'm Carl Zimmer's daughter. You're not leaving this hospital unless you have long-term birth control.". I don't think that puts me in the same category as Hitler. ROBERT: Just for those years. Oh, that's a lot of potatoes. He thought that you could kind of engineer societies by changing the environment. What's he talking about? And well just let the old yahoos from whom we inheritedededed inherited it take it away. One time, and I'm on flighter. So FRANCES CHAMPAGNE: So we start looking at maternal care. Yeah. Like, "How did this happen? Radiolab is supported in part by the National Science Foundation and by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. PAT: And that number, by the way, has grown a lot. You mean, if you had a starving grandfather, you would be a healthier boy for the because you had a starving grandfather? ", BARBARA HARRIS: And I called my husband again at work and said, "They want to know if we want to take the baby." Its something I still think about all the time. That's Sam Kean again. He works at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden where he studies population data. So that's fun. I just have to read this to you. I got to say this is spooky. If . Radiolab is a radio program produced by WNYC, a public radio station in New York City, and broadcast on public radio stations in the United States. And so, her name is Kalia. SAM KEAN: I should add too. A lot of times that's not the case. PAT: Because the truth is, you have no idea how these kids are going to turn out. You know? JAD: Lamarck said, You wanna know how a giraffe got its long neck?, JAD: One day this giraffe, mother giraffe, lets say, was looking up in the tree and saw some fruit, and had to stretch he neck, and stretch again. Barbara Harris. KARIN BORGKVIST LJUNG: Yes, he was retarded. MICHAEL MEANEY: So the great rat nightmare comes true where the females become their mothers. It's only the mechanisms are not so clear. Michael was in school and he got interested in a very, very basic question about how things get passed down? And if you haven't, you can choose to have an IUD, or an implant put in which will last for several years. Never mind, you're stuck with small boobies." All of our writers are dedicated to their job and do their best to produce all types of academic papers of superior quality. CARL ZIMMER: He was born in 1880 in Vienna, Jewish family. You dont really say it to yourself that way, but yeah. You know? Over the past five years, if you look at our tax return. I don't have the biggest boobies in the world. She's somewhere, but it's not good from what we've heard. Yeah. And she says, one day, this idea just came to her. Well, this is it! And he was going through withdrawal. And I knew that the only way I was going to get a daughter was if I went and became a foster parent and asked for one. The critical part of this Is that all these changes wake up this little gang of proteins. Riksarkivet. And so, you could only see one nuptial pad, and it all comes down to thisand all of that was just about to fall apart. That's what good rat mothers do, they lick their babies a lot. JAD: Michael was in school and he got interested in a very, very basic question about how things get passed down? MICHAEL MEANEY: Mom's licking activates serotonin. PAT: When you first hear about this, what goes through your mind? What exactly happens between 9 to 12 that makes this big difference? Do you know anything about the other four? JAD: Well, if a mother a rat mother licking her baby can have such a profound effect, basically change the expression of the genes in the baby, well that's hopeful. JAD: Visited Kammerer's lab when Kammerer wasn't there. I should add too. Cause we were talking to science writer, Carl Zimmer, and he told us that back in the early 1900s, this tension between Lamarck and Darwin got extra tense. Edward Condon Session III American Institute of Physics. And um BARBARA HARRIS: I had asked for a newborn, so when the social worker called me, she said, "I have this cute little baby girl for you but she's eight months old. LULU: Did you know there is a part of this show is gonna be like crazy breaking news, like happened yesterday and we already have a deep take on it? LATIF: Its so good that it makes you not want to trash the house, you know what I mean? She and I snuck away from the children into her office. Nice, cool water. Big questions are. He thought that because theyre swinging hammers all day, they got big bulky muscles, and then theyd pass the muscles to their children. LYNN PALTROW: The fact that you're motivated by a really beautiful, important value, that we want healthy kids, doesn't mean the mechanism you're using is going to end up helping those kids. That's a lot of people. That's the headline for his talk, and then CARL ZIMMER: Right below the headlines says, "Scientist's great discovery which may change us all.". They have found very similar effects for smoking, for instance. It's off-limits. Meaning that they had less incidence of heart disease? SAM KEAN: And these effects, in fact, were so strong that you could trace it to the grandfather. LATIF: And as of 11:01 a.m. on Tuesday, when we're recording this, we have not broken the show. ROBERT: They could eat twice, three times as much. Where we sought, they will find. SAM KEAN: Because theyre reaching for the tops of trees. So we did stop. ROBERT: [laughs] We now know that thats not the case. [laughs] Can you say, "Never, ever?" Because we had already had to upgrade from a car to a van, from a condo to a home. CARL ZIMMER: The right hand had been cut off for microscopic slides. And all over the political spectrum, from Hollywood lefties to social conservatives. LYNN PALTROW: I think I was really horrified and terrified. I said, "No, no, that's okay." When they got another call from a social worker saying that same mother, Destiny's birth mother, had given birth to another child. So here's what you're going to notice. Because you begin with a mother's lick that ends up with a deep, deep change in the baby, not just the good, warm, fuzzy feeling, but a fundamental shift in who that baby is, and who that baby will be. Yeah. Its something I still think about all the time. All the babies I had seen and all the people that have called me to tell me about their babies that were damaged. And well just let the old yahoos from whom we inheritedededed inherited it take it away. In pictures, he has that, you know, that crazy Einstein fuzzy hair thing. LULU: In a very real way, weve been thinking a lot about inheritance. This week The Science Show introduces Radiolab from WNYC in New York City. Apparently, those grandkids SAM KEAN: Were less prone to diabetes. Knock it right off the DNA. 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