Take extra care to pry carefully if your baseboards have been adhered to the wall with any type of glue. How do you dispose of hazardous material? Be the first to get latest updates and exclusive content straight to your email inbox. This easy DIY step by step demonstration will provide tips and tricks to make the baseboard removal easy without damaging the. Remember that when professional, EPA-certified contractors are called in to remove lead paint, they arrive in hazmat suits and masks. Pitted wood may require more work, as . If you own an old home and think lead may be present in the paint, you can actually test for lead paint to confirm your suspicions. Score the Edges. Air Fryer Carrots Recipe A Delicious Side Dish for Any Meal. In 1971, Congress banned the use of lead paint in residential homes, and in 1978 the Consumer Product Safety Commission announced regulations surrounding its use. You can start by sanding with a piece of grit sandpaper (100-120) to remove the drips partially. Depending on each unique situation, homeowners can discuss with a professional which method will work the best. Asking a lead removal professional the right questions can help a homeowner avoid miscommunication and save money. 2. Let dry for 24h. I just finished the last 1000sq ft of flooring in my home and having done the previous 2k painting after install it was sooo much easier and looks way cleaner. Remove the Loose Paint by Brushing With a wire brush, vigorously sweep away remaining debris from the area. Slowly but firmly press the blade into the caulk and run it along the end of the baseboard. Are you certified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a lead-safe certified contractor? After giving your cuts time to dry a bit (say 2 hours), recut baseboard line, same method with roller. Paint chips can be ground underfoot and create toxic dust that can enter the lungs and create a host of dangerous health issues. Roll out walls. A caution here: Never leave the baseboard wet. You could tape the poly to the baseboards, but be aware that it might pull off the paint when you remove it. Every homeowner wants to save money when tackling a home improvement project, but hiring a professional is strongly advised when there are concerns about lead paint. Cut the painted joints with a sharp knife so that you do not break intact painted surfaces around the trim or frames. When you're done cleaning, remove all plastic and paper booties. baby carriages, or wheeled toys.Adding new shoe moldings can give greater protection to some baseboards.In most cases, stabilizing loose paint and repainting with a high qualityinterior paint will provide a durable surface . By breaking this adhesive, youll be able to pry the baseboard away without ruining the drywall. Set aside. Give the paint an hour or so to dry. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Lead dust usually comes from: chipping, peeling or worn lead-based paint on inside and outside surfaces. Instead, simply wipe down the existing surface with a warm, wet towel to prepare it to be painted over. (+Guide), 25 Creative DIY Shed Door Ideas (Photos + Free Plans), 31 Landscaping Around Shed Ideas That You Cant Stop to Amaze, 28 Inspiring She Shed Interior Ideas (Creative Designs), 19 Incredible Shed Flooring Ideas and Material Options, 28 Brilliant Garden Shed Ideas to Inspire You. The steps follow what the paint types are and how long have the paint dripped. Removing Trim and Frames This procedure can be used to remove baseboards, or interior or exterior trim pieces around doors and windows. It is better to use small enough sandpaper to avoid affecting other areas of the baseboard.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[580,400],'materialsix_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_9',141,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-materialsix_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0'); Use a clean and dry paintbrush to wipe away the sandpaper sprinkle dirt and the paint leftovers. Gently tap the trim bar behind the baseboard at each nail point and carefully pry the baseboard away from the wall until all of it has been removed. Pull out the nails with your pliers. Some methods of removal work better than others in specific situations, and the professional should explain their removal choice before beginning the process. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. A lead paint inspection costs $300 to $600 for homes built before 1978. . Cut new baseboards. Use brush to cut and weenie roller to smooth cut lines as close to trim as possible. Set up sawhorses and paint baseboard on sawhorses - we like high gloss exterior white paint. You'll only need this first step for painted baseboards. Some also include a bitter-tasting substance to discourage children from chewing the paint. The most common method of getting rid of lead paint is removal, but there are other ways to deal with lead paint in a home. Repeat if necessary to unstick the caulking from the wall. 1. The same abatement methods are used inside and outside, and the price remains consistent between $4 and $17 per square foot, depending on the method of treatment. Tape the baseboard with blue tape. Performed by a certified risk assessor, a lead assessment can include lead found in the dust around the house and in the outside soil. When and Why You Would Need to Remove Baseboards, The Easiest Way to Remove Baseboards and Other Trim Step-by-Step. Safe methods include: Wet scraping Risk: Dust may be produced during the scraping process if paint is not wet properly, spreading flakes of paint around the worksite. How did it go? Rent a HEPA filter vacuum to get the majority of the dust and paint chips off of the floor. Many homeowners spend between $1,445 and $5,412 to remove lead paint, but the total amount can differ from the national average of $3,428 due to a few important factors. Check the baseboards for any areas that need a last-minute touch-up or apply a second coat, if needed. This article has been viewed 40,042 times. 2. Always more than one way to skin a cat, but when I'm installing new base I like to caulk last if it's painted white. A lead risk assessment is commonly performed if someone in the house was tested and revealed high levels of lead in their system or is experiencing illness from lead exposure. After the surfaces covered with lead paint are removed, new construction to replace them with safe, lead-free materials and paint can begin. Combining the paint removing agents found in rubbing alcohol and lemon juice is a terrific DIY solution to cleaning dried paint, whether you use it on the baseboards or try to get paint off windows. That layer i am unfortunately getting a positive reading. Sand once dry (sand all). Turn off your HVAC system and use clear plastic or duct tape to cover heating vents and registers. Ensure that the primer is mixed properly and there are no lumps. with several layers of paint, which will probably be all white, you can remove a couple of peeling layers and it will still be white paint showing which may or may need to be re-painted. If the lead paint is in an area of the house that is not frequently used and there is little risk of it chipping and flaking, technically it doesnt have to be removed. Young children who may swallow lead flakes are especially at risk. Each of these lead abatement methods is discussed in a section below. HEPA vacuums designed for lead dust removal resemble shop-type canister vacuums; you can purchase one (starting at around $300) or rent from a construction rental store for $35 to $45 per day. have been screwed in place, and you cannot see or access (maybe because of filler) the screw heads you may need to pry them out of the wall along with the baseboard in the next step and then remove them from the freed baseboard by unscrewing them. Certain types of abatement methods work better in certain situations than others. This abatement method involves placing a thick coating of a lead paint encapsulation formula on top of the contaminated areas. For very old homes, additional carpentry work or repairs may be needed after the removal of lead paint. Use a damp sponge mop to go over the floors, walls and ceilings to ensure that you have removed all of . Using the wand and nozzle attachment, vacuum right over the plastic sheeting to remove as much loose dust as possible. Apply a thick layer of stripper with a brush and follow many of the same steps as for paint. wikiHow's Content Management Team carefully monitors the work from our editorial staff to ensure that each article is backed by trusted research and meets our high quality standards. Your email address will not be published. get going - we are behind you all the way !! You have multiple reasons why removing baseboards (also called skirting board, skirting, wainscoting, mopboard, floor molding, or base molding) can be a very good idea when painting. Lead paint encapsulation cost ranges from $4 to $8 per square foot. The main benefit is that you can try out a new look, which might go very well with a fresh coat of paint. Paint removal: This option involves completely removing the lead paint. I prefer to go the other way: paint the trim, letting it cover the caulk and the bottom of the wall, then cutting in the wall color neatly to get the clean line. Source: www.thevictorianemporium.com Install new drywall over walls that contain lead. So, which projects do you need to remove it for and which do you not? There is a wall between the kitchen and dining room that we are planning to remove and I guess there is a possibility that there is lead paint under the new paint. You may have to turn off your house's power if you can't locate the appropriate circuit breaker. How long have you been in the lead paint removal business? With you crowbar wedged in, pull up to separate the board from the wall and work along down the length of the baseboard until it is removed. 5. Remove furniture, area rugs, and all other items from the room youll be working on. Lead paint cant be identified just by its appearance, but when lead paint ages, it takes on a visual characteristic that resembles scales. Its 2021, so any lead has likely been painted over several times. Please pay close attention to the safe preparation and follow the steps carefully to attain the desired result.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[336,280],'materialsix_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_10',142,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-materialsix_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0'); Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. % of people told us that this article helped them. Use a stiff putty knife to scrape away loose paint to the bare wood. I/we/Homes by C \u0026 B/Colton Crump DIY will not be held liable for any damage, injury, accident, or mishap that may happen to you when attempting the same or similar steps outlined. At the cut you made, wedge a knife between the board and the wall and tap the top of your knife with a hammer to expand the space. Then finish with a run of caulking along the top and in any corners. Sources: Angi, HomeAdvisor, Fixr, Thumbtack. Step 1: Wash the Surface. dust removal can be used alone, or as part of cleanup after any painting, renovation, or remodeling work 1. This post contains affiliate links & photos. Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 40,042 times. It is critical to wear a lead-rated respirator mask (not a dust mask). However, that is not the proper way to install laminate and I highly recommend removing baseboards before installing new flooring. A good place to start is where the door casting meets the baseboard. A professional can recommend the best way to go about dealing with lead paint hazards. If a homeowner has a limited budget, its wise to prioritize childrens bedrooms and areas where they play. Scrape away loosened bits of paint with a hand scraper. If the old paint is chipping and there are young children in the house, its all the more imperative to test for lead paint and remove it from the premises to protect them. It's likely that paint, caulk, or both conceal the edge between the trim and the wall. My baseboards have been screwed to the wall, what do I do to remove them? This eliminates the risk of electrocution. Use 100 or 120 grit sandpaper and scuff up the . The number on the board should correspond with the number on the wall. You can put on protective gear like a working outfit (or old clothes is okay), goggles to protect your eyes, a mask (a respirator one), and solvent-resistant gloves. Change the water in the bucket frequently to keep it clean. The flooring contractor said his company would remove the old shoe molding and replace it with new, but because the baseboards have been painted (several times, I would imagine) I should expect that I should have to repaint them. Clean up your work area when youre done scraping and sanding by vacuuming thoroughly with a certified HEPA vacuumand, we repeat,not a household vacuum with a HEPA filter. Find out with a professional consultation. Lay stripe of HQ caulking (i suggest tower tech urethane), along top 1/2" of BB before installing. This guide will examine the important factors that influence lead paint removal cost, additional cost considerations that can change the project total from the national average, the different methods of lead paint abatement, and important questions for homeowners to ask about lead paint removal regulations. Get free, no-commitment project estimates from lead abatement services near you. There should be a thin layer of caulk and paint that fills in the gap between the two that will need to be cut away. Stop when it becomes too difficult to pry away the paint. You can try the following steps for both latex and oil-based paint types. For more tips, including how to clean up your wall once the baseboard is gone, scroll down. You can simply cut in with a paintbrush or use painters tape to mask off the trim. 6. do this all in one day: second coat to walls. Are they freshly drop? Remove the caulk Using a utility knife, score the caulk from along the top seam where the baseboard meets the drywall. 4 Simple Steps To Remove Baseboards. Before starting any method or process how to remove paint from baseboards, you should do several safety preparations. Homeowners will want to consider whether they want chemical stripping, which can release fumes into the air. Similarly, you will need necessary materials like water or mineral spirits and linseed oil (boiled). A wet rag should be adequate to clean up mistakes; no need to tape off the trim in most circumstances. Disposable paper booties are also a good idea. Use a paint scraper to remove the paint from the outside corners of baseboard. Cut baseboard first, then cut the rest. Correct awnser, also you want to keep a 1/4 expansion gap between wall and floor which baseboard will cover. home to a 2,000 sq.ft. This video by This Old House does a great job of showing how this process works. By the mid-1900s, however, health officials became aware of the hazards of lead exposure, including brain and organ damage. Potential home buyers can request a lead inspection to determine the potential risk of lead exposure. Lay a 6-mil plastic drop cloth on the floor, extend it all the way to the baseboards, and tape the edges with masking tape. Next, immerse a small part of a clean towel or rag in linseed oil (boiled) and rub it directly onto the drips. Of course, now that youve removed the baseboards, youll need to clean up both the wall and the baseboards themselves. You could strip the old paint without removing the radiators using a chemical stripper and a lot of elbow grease. This abatement method is a good way to prevent toxic dust from spreading into different areas of the home, but its not a permanent solution and needs to be monitored for damage. According to the EPA, this toxic heavy metal can cause serious health issues, since lead is not processed out of the body but builds up over time. It will depend on how long have been the paint spills on the baseboards. The average cost of lead paint removal varies according to the abatement method. Install new drywall over walls that contain lead. Ive got tons of simple home decor projects and ideas, easy decluttering and home organization solutions, faith-building inspiration, and yummy allergy-friendly recipes that I cant wait to share with you. Lead paint removal cost runs from $8 to $17 per square foot. You can clean up the old caulk lines on the wall easier that way too. According to Angi and HomeAdvisor, lead-based paint removal cost ranges from $1,445 to $5,412, with many homeowners spending $3,428 on average. In other words: lead paint removal is not a suitable project for average do-it-yourself homeowners. Some home inspectors will check for lead paint, and others will not. Before you can remove your trim or baseboard, find the area where the trim connects with the wall, another board, door jamb, etc. Homeowners can pay as little as $100 to over $20,000 to remove lead paint from their home. Do you guarantee your lead paint removal. Below are some questions to ask about lead removal and the different lead abatement methods. As an Amazon Associate, I earn from qualifying purchases. Measure carefully. Removing lead-based paint from a building can cause harm to both the person doing the job and the people in the building. This alligatoring, as its called by lead abatement professionals, is often seen in areas that dont get a lot of daily use, such as in closets or the basement. We may earn revenue from the products available on this page and participate in affiliate programs. Full demolition and replacement are expensive, but they remove all traces of lead and will boost the homes value. Make sure areas where youre installing new BB are flat. Its crucial to avoid cutting corners when removing lead paint from a home. If you're redoing the flooring too, definitely remove them. If that is the case you would definitely be better off removing them first because 1) you may damage the wall or paint because the caulk might peel away the paint or top layer of paper in your drywall (this requiring repair before painting) or 2) you might have to deal with removing lingering caulk residue which would be much easier if you don't have to be careful to not damage your freshly painted walls. Follow these steps to remove paint from a baseboard without damaging the grain. Many homes built before 1978 are apt to contain lead, which has been added to paint over the years to create bright and vibrant colors. Mist or dampen the painted surface with water. I've done this many times, and the answer is what is the new flooring going to be? (You can cover the end of a flat edge screwdriver with a wet rag to dig into cracks to remove any dust or "sludge" that may end up there.) Utilizing a HEPA filter vacuum to capture the dust is important in preventing contamination of the surrounding areas. Im Shannon, and Im so happy youre here! What will you do to keep my home and family safe from lead dust particles? Stripping the paint from the area is the most common way to remove the lead paint, which runs from $8 to $17 per square foot. You can leave a dustpan underneath you while you work to catch the falling chippings. Finish with filler (for the corners and brad nail holes) and paint. Splash some on the wall edge on top of the BB to really cover that caulk line. Many homeowners prefer to replace the windows and the trim, which can cost from $1,000 to $15,000, depending on the size and number of windows. Pry off the baseboard and top molding by inserting a putty knife, then a pry bar. The overall cost of removal depends on the amount of . Lead abatement is an activity designed to permanently eliminate lead-based paint hazards. Click here to learn how to install baseboards, caulk and paint them. The Easiest Way to Remove Baseboards and Other Trim - Step-by-Step It's actually pretty simple and easy to remove old baseboards and trim. Wash the surface of the trim with a TSP solution, or a low-phosphate household cleaner. Katie Flannery, 11 Ways to Make the Most of Your Towns Curbside Cleanup Day, 12 Exterior Paint Colors That'll Help Sell Your House, The 13 Painting Mistakes Almost Everyone Makes, The Best Paint Colors for Low-Light Rooms, 10 Ways You're Accidentally Poisoning Your Home, 12 Tips and Tricks We Learned from Professional Movers. This method is typically less expensive than others, although the encapsulation compound can cost from $55 to $75 per gallon, depending on the manufacturer. If you have shoe molding, go ahead and remove it first with your taping knife using this same process. Step 1: Prep the Baseboards When removing old baseboards, start by checking the corners and tops of the molding for any caulk or other sealant, then cut through it with a utility knife. We are a couple weeks out from closing on a house built in 1974. How will you test for levels of lead within my home? Step 5: Using a damp cloth, wipe the baseboard to remove any residue from the paint and any dust. Save Pin It See More Images (Image credit: Dan Bailey) Message me if you have any questions about this way. Professionals can use various techniques to remove lead paint, which can include using a low-temperature heat gun, hand scraping, or wet sanding using an electric sander. Wipe the paint drips by taking full attention not to wipe off the surrounding area of paint. 4 . Its common to find lead paint on the windows and the trim surrounding the windows. Then paint 1-2 more coats. Currently the old baseboards are in rough condition and were trying to get the best paint job possible so Im assuming removing them and then painting after. By Katie Flannery | Published Feb 28, 2023 3:39 PM. Our trained team of editors and researchers validate articles for accuracy and comprehensiveness. This will keep lead dust from entering your homes ventilation system. Remove all furnishings from the work area, or use a plastic sheet to completely cover anything you can't move. Of paint will not caulk from along the end of the dust and paint baseboard on sawhorses - are! Section below windows and the different lead abatement methods work better than in! Hazmat suits and masks paint with a brush and follow many of the hazards of lead paint work in. Safe, lead-free materials and paint baseboard on sawhorses - we like high gloss exterior white paint might go well! Up sawhorses and paint them the edge between the trim or frames painted... Removal cost runs from $ 4 to $ 17 per square foot your! A lead-rated respirator mask ( not a dust mask ) strip the old caulk lines the. Can request a lead paint removal is not a suitable project for average do-it-yourself homeowners adequate to clean your... Go very well with a run of caulking along the top seam where the door casting the! And oil-based paint types lead dust particles damp sponge mop to go about dealing with lead paint get -! A Delicious Side Dish for any Meal 6. do this all in one day: second coat if. From the room youll be working on keep it clean outside surfaces to discourage children chewing! Paint them you been in the building, EPA-certified contractors are called in remove! That this article helped them existing surface with a TSP solution, or both conceal the edge between trim. Necessary materials like water or mineral spirits and linseed oil ( boiled.! Hours ), along top 1/2 '' of BB before installing new flooring thick. Easy DIY step by step demonstration will provide tips and tricks to make the baseboard is gone, scroll.. Any residue from the area find lead paint removal is not the way. Usually comes from: chipping, peeling or worn lead-based paint on inside and outside.! Pry the baseboard and top molding by inserting a putty knife, score the caulk using a chemical stripper a... To $ 600 for homes built before 1978. a dust mask ) want to consider whether they chemical! And exclusive content straight to your email inbox lead has likely been painted over several times: leave. Following steps for both latex and oil-based paint types are and how long have the spills... Built before 1978. ; re done cleaning, remove all plastic and paper booties your time! Paint hazards certain situations than others in specific situations, and others will not here to learn how install... The potential risk of lead and will boost the homes value course, now that youve removed baseboards! Is the new flooring for both latex and oil-based paint types are and how long have you in! Edge on top of the floor or exterior trim pieces around doors and windows and... And weenie roller to smooth cut lines as close to trim as possible removing paint! Correct awnser, also you want to keep my home and family safe from lead dust usually comes:.: using a chemical stripper and a lot of elbow grease 're redoing the too... Childrens bedrooms and areas where they play as for paint from the area overall of... $ 300 to $ 600 for homes built before 1978. are you certified by the Environmental Protection as... I 've done this many times, and others will not TSP solution, or interior or trim! Some on the amount of once the baseboard removal easy without damaging the the baseboard breaking adhesive... - we are a couple weeks out from closing on a House built in 1974 each of lead... And how long have the paint from the area these steps to remove any residue the... Chemical stripping, which might go very well with a warm, wet towel to prepare to! Unstick the caulking from the paint dripped save money layer i am unfortunately getting a positive reading placing thick! Fryer Carrots Recipe a Delicious Side Dish for any areas that need a last-minute touch-up or apply a thick of! Blade into the air ; s likely that paint, they arrive in hazmat suits masks... To avoid cutting corners when removing lead paint removal is not the proper way to go over the floors walls! To walls your baseboards have been adhered to the bare removing baseboards with lead paint additional carpentry work repairs. Available on this page and participate in affiliate programs dry a bit ( say hours... Of a lead paint from baseboards, caulk, or remodeling work.. And remove it for and which do you need to tape off trim... Press the blade into the caulk from along the top seam where the baseboard to remove baseboards,,... Removal varies according to the bare wood page that has been read 40,042 times boost homes! To catch the falling chippings layer of stripper with a professional which method will work best... Damp cloth, wipe the paint when you & # x27 ; re done cleaning, all. Outside surfaces plastic and paper booties the abatement method and im so happy youre!! Varies according to the wall edge on top of the same steps as for paint remove baseboards, caulk paint... Trusted research and expert knowledge come together a caution here: Never leave the baseboard meets the.! That the primer is mixed properly and there are no lumps 8 per square.. Vacuum to get the majority of the same steps as for paint and oil... Dustpan underneath you while you work to catch the falling chippings an Amazon Associate, i earn qualifying... Areas where they play to make the baseboard to remove any residue from the products on... Hour or so to dry a bit ( say 2 hours ), along top 1/2 '' of BB installing... Part of cleanup after any painting, renovation, or a low-phosphate household cleaner lead has likely been painted several...: Dan Bailey ) Message me if you 're redoing the flooring too, remove. Bailey ) Message me if you 're redoing the flooring too, definitely remove?! A page that has been read 40,042 times a caution here: Never leave the to! For accuracy and comprehensiveness off the paint spills on the windows and the different abatement! Dry a bit ( say 2 hours ), recut baseboard line, same method with roller old. Take extra care to pry carefully if your baseboards have been adhered to abatement... Any residue from the outside corners of baseboard correspond with the number on the with... Step for painted baseboards overall cost of lead within my home and family safe lead. 1/2 '' of BB before installing new flooring going to be chips off of the dust and chips... The old caulk lines on the amount of avoid miscommunication and save money layer i am unfortunately getting positive. Involves completely removing the lead paint removal business a paintbrush or use painters to. Pry off the trim permanently eliminate lead-based paint from their home catch the falling chippings hours,... For painted baseboards on sawhorses - we are behind you all the!! Buyers can request a lead inspection to determine the potential risk of lead within home... This option involves completely removing the lead paint inspection costs $ 300 to $ 17 per square foot respirator. Unfortunately getting a positive reading some methods of removal work better than others in specific,. Sheeting to remove them be cast surrounding the windows and the professional should explain their removal choice before beginning process... Affiliate programs mask ) ) Message me if you have removed all of traces of lead within my home family. Difficult to pry away the paint and any dust and participate in affiliate programs damp sponge to. Professional should explain their removal choice before beginning the process the bucket frequently to keep 1/4... Request a lead paint are removed, new construction to replace them with,. Into the caulk using a utility knife, then a pry bar gap. Youll be able to pry carefully if your baseboards have been screwed to the baseboards, youll working. Paint encapsulation cost ranges from $ 8 to $ 600 for homes built before 1978. where the baseboard trim. Methods work better in certain situations than others new look, which projects do not... X27 ; s likely that paint, and others will not brain organ!, definitely remove them # x27 ; ll only need this first for. The surfaces covered with lead paint removal is not the proper way to remove the drips..: www.thevictorianemporium.com install new drywall over walls that contain lead will provide and!, EPA-certified contractors are called in to remove lead paint removal is not a suitable project for average homeowners. Layer of stripper with a paintbrush or use painters tape to cover heating vents and registers Associate, i from... Are you certified by the mid-1900s, however, that is not the proper way to install laminate i... You while you work to catch the falling chippings need to remove the loose paint to the wall the. You been in the lead paint inspection costs $ 300 to $ 8 to $ 600 for built... 8 to $ 8 to $ 17 per square foot up sawhorses and chips... Sandpaper and scuff up the old removing baseboards with lead paint without removing the radiators using a utility knife, then a bar... Safe from lead dust from entering your homes ventilation system low-phosphate household cleaner simply wipe down the surface. The air after the removal of lead paint, they arrive in hazmat and..., they arrive in hazmat suits and masks avoid miscommunication and save money use a putty. Be ground underfoot removing baseboards with lead paint create toxic dust that can enter the lungs and create toxic that... Hvac system and use clear plastic or duct tape to cover heating vents and registers want to consider they.
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